Long COVID is a term used to describe ongoing symptoms that persist for weeks, months, or even years after an initial COVID-19 infection. It is not a single condition, but rather an umbrella term for a range of symptoms that may affect multiple organs and systems in the body. Many people with Long COVID experience debilitating fatigue, post-exertional malaise (a worsening of symptoms after physical or mental activity), cognitive difficulties (“brain fog”), unrefreshing sleep, muscle and joint pain, headaches, and problems with regulating heart rate and blood pressure (such as orthostatic intolerance or POTS).

These symptoms often overlap with those seen in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and research shows that a significant proportion of people with Long COVID meet the diagnostic criteria for ME/CFS. Long COVID can significantly impact daily life, and its severity and duration can vary greatly between individuals. While some people gradually recover, others may experience long-term or fluctuating symptoms. There is currently no specific cure, but symptom management and support can help improve quality of life.